上課重點
1 Vocabulary
【cap】 recap (v) 翻新、概括
head decapitation (n) 斬首殺頭、解雇、撤職 → 【de】down
captain (n) 船長
reveal ←→ conceal
2 片語
be accused of 被指控、被控告
I don't want to be accused of tampering with the evidence.
Mr. Slope will be accused of deceit in his mode of canvassing.
prevent .... from 阻止、防止
Regular buffing helps prevent nails from splitting.
You have to keep watching to prevent the milk from boiling over.
3 How to take notes?
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAhRf3U50lM
4 drama ( have character instead narrater)
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek:δρᾶμα, drama), which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek: δράω, draō). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. Thestructure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. Theearly modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BC) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama. A modern example is Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill (1956).
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with theepic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BC)—the earliest work of dramatic theory.
5 古希臘戲劇
wikipedia:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7
西元前五世紀，戲劇已經正式成為雅典文化和市民生活中的重要組成部分。一年一度在酒神劇場的酒神節的重要內容便是盛大的戲劇比賽。每個參賽的劇作家都要提交一個悲劇三聯劇和一個內容相關的羊人劇作為參賽作品，後者的風格往往要比前者輕鬆和愉悅。戲劇發展到這個時期，劇中的人物由一個增至兩個，而歌隊扮演的角色則更像是一個獨立的人物，而非一個簡單的敍事者。劇作的主題也不再僅僅局限於對狄奧尼索斯的頌揚，而是開始在整個古希臘神話中取材。
由於演員和觀眾的距離非常之遠，因此演員必須頻繁更換服裝和面具來吸引觀眾的注意。演員們利用厚底的靴子以使自己顯得高一些，有時還要帶上顏色豔麗的手套以使觀眾能夠辨認自己的手勢。
面具是戲劇中最具古希臘特色的象徵。在一部戲劇中，每個演員都有自己獨特的面具。這些面具通常用亞麻或軟木製成，所以沒有一個能夠保留到今天；但是從以古希臘演員為主題的繪畫和雕塑作品中，我們可以得知那些面具的形狀樣式。悲劇中使用的面具往往是痛苦或哀悼的表情，而喜劇中使用的面具則通常是微笑的表情，或帶有點邪惡的意味。演員在表演的時候用面具遮住整個面孔，包括頭髮在內。經過後世學者證明，這些面具的形狀有利於演員聲音的擴散，使他們的聲音更有穿透力，更加容易讓觀眾聽得清楚。
6 Dionysia 酒神節 (drama 最早祭獻於此)
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysia
The Dionysia (/daɪəˈnaɪsiə/) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies. It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia. The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals, the Rural Dionysia and the City Dionysia, which took place in different parts of the year. They were also an essential part of the Dionysian Mysteries.
Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC. Greek tragedy is an extension of the ancient rites done in honor of Dionysus and heavily influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most important authors of Greek tragedies are Aeschylus, Sophoclesand Euripides.
7 三大悲劇詩人
other information: http://www.zwbk.org/zh-tw/Lemma_Show/95031.aspx
Aeschylus
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschylus
Sophocles
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophocles
Euripides
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripides
Medea
8 Chorus 祈求+演員 = drama
leader: chorus the leader
Plays of the ancient Greek theatre always included a chorus that offered a variety of background and summary information to help the audience follow the performance.
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_chorus
A Greek chorus (Greek: χορός, khoros) is a homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers in the plays of classical Greece, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.
9 Agamemnon: man must learn from suffering
After Clytemnestra (情夫 Aegisthus) kill Agamemnon (Atreus 家族 / kill Iphigeneia) their children Orestes and Electra kill Clytemnestra → 被復仇女神追殺
Agamemnon win the war → 抓 Cassandra (troy 的 princess) → Clytemnestra tells her that she'll be treated according to her station in life.
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia
Cassandra in front of the burning city of Troy at the peak of her insanity.
10 forecast / forehead / foreshadowing
11 goddess of justice (蒙眼 天秤 劍)
12 注意發音 [ɑ]
Socrates 蘇格拉底 [ˈsɑkrəˌtiz]
c.c carbon copy[ˈkɑrbən ˈkɑpi]
xerox copy [ˈzɪrɑks ˈkɑpi]
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates
Socrates (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/; Greek: Σωκράτης [sɔːkrátɛːs], Sōkrátēs; 470/469 – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosophercredited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is "hidden behind his 'best disciple', Plato".
13 Tiresias (預言家 變男變女)
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiresias
In Greek mythology, Tiresias (/taɪˈrisiəs/; Greek: Τειρεσίας, Teiresias) was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous forclairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years. He was the son of the shepherd Everes and thenymph Chariclo. Tiresias participated fully in seven generations at Thebes, beginning as advisor to Cadmus himself.
14 Hiamon: Kreon 的兒子 (Oedipus' brother-in-low 連襟)
Antigone: daughter of Oedipus
→ Hiamon love Antigone
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