芸溱 Selina

 上課筆記

1 vocabulary

【spec】 spectate

   look    spectator 

             spectacular

【arch】 archetype 典型原型 ex:父系/母系社會

  order   anarchy (without order)

【ex】    exile

   out

petrify (v) 嚇呆、使麻木

foul language 講髒話

hit a bull's eye 正中紅心 / 靶心

2 dramatic irony

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony#Dramatic_irony

This type of irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters. 

ex: In Oedipus the King, the audience knows that Oedipus himself is the murderer that he is seeking; Oedipus,Creon and Jocasta do not.

3 chorus → serve as the ideal spectator

Plays of the ancient Greek theatre always included a chorus that offered a variety of background and summary information to help the audience follow the performance. 

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_chorus

A Greek chorus (Greek: χορός, khoros) is a homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers in the plays of classical Greece, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.

4 tragedy / tragic hero ex: Agamemnon

   tragic flow (筆記week 10-11) 造成 tragedy 的缺點

   → hubris (pride) (筆記week 10-13) 撒旦犯了此罪 

   → 讓人產生 pity / fear

5 fallen angels  (inferno / deadly sins)

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel

A fallen angel is a wicked or rebellious angel that has been cast out of heaven. The term "fallen angel" does not appear in the Bible, but it is used of angels who sinned (such as those referred to in 2 Peter 2:4, "For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment ..."), of angels cast down to the earth in the War in Heaven, of Satan, demons, or of certain Watchers. The term has become popular in fictional literature regarding angels.

6 Satan 撒旦

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satan

Satan (Hebrew: שָּׂטָן satan, meaning "adversary"; Arabic: شيطان shaitan, meaning "astray" or "distant", sometimes "devil") is a term, as well as the name of a figure appearing in the texts of the Abrahamic religions who brings evil and temptation, and is known as the deceiver that leads humanity astray. Some religious groups teach that he originated as an angel who fell out of favor with God, seducing humanity into the ways of sin, and who has power in the fallen world. In the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, Satan is primarily an accuser and adversary, a decidedly malevolent entity (a.k.a. the devil) who possesses demonic qualities.

7 Aristotle 亞里斯多德 (寫 Poetics)

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle 

Aristotle (/ˈærɪˌstɒtəl/; Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης [aristotélɛːs], Aristotélēs; 384–322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in Stagira of Chalkidiki, next to the Macedonian Kingdom in the north part of the Greek world.

His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology,metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.

8 Poetics (Aristotle)

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)

Aristotle's Poetics (Greek: Περὶ ποιητικῆς, Latin: De Poetica; c. 335 BCE) is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory.

(文字) 三一律 classical unities

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_unities

The classical unities, Aristotelian unities, or three unities are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics. In their neoclassical form they are as follows:

1. The unity of action: a play should have one main action that it follows, with no or few subplots.
2. The unity of place: a play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place.
3. The unity of time: the action in a play should take place over no more than 24 hours.

9 flashback 倒敘法

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)

A flashback or analepsis is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story's primary sequence of events to fill in crucial backstory.

10 foreshadowing 伏筆、預示

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshadowing 

Foreshadowing or guessing ahead is a literary device by which an author hints what is to come. It is used to avoid disappointment, and sometimes used to arouse readers.

11 deus ex machina (god from the machine) 

筆記 week 13-5

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deus_ex_machina

(小說戲劇情節中牽強扯入的)解圍人物(事件)→ unconvincing strategic

12 Catharsis 淨化作用

筆記 week 10-12

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharsis

tragic hero → pity/fear → Catharsis 淨化作用

13 Hamartia 判斷錯誤、悲劇性的弱點

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamartia

The term hamartia derives from the Greek ἁμαρτία, from ἁμαρτάνειν hamartánein, which means “to miss the mark” or “to err”. It is most often associated with Greek tragedy, although it is also used in Christian theology. Hamartia as it pertains to dramatic literature was first used by Aristotle in his Poetics. In tragedy, hamartia is the protagonist’s error or flaw that leads to a chain of plot actions culminating in a reversal from his/her good fortune to bad. What qualifies as the error or flaw can include an error resulting from ignorance, an error of judgement, a flaw in character, or sin. The spectrum of meanings has invited debate among critics and scholars, and different interpretations among dramatists. 

14 Agamamnon → man must learn from the suffering

    (筆記 week 11-9)

15 setting (narrative) including time & place

wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setting_(narrative)

In works of narrative (especially fictional), the literary element setting includes the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. Setting has been referred to as story world or milieu to include a context (especially society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with the plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction.

16 打筆記時注意書名號 (or 使用斜體字)